在论文中，图表往往发挥着极为重要的作用，好的图表将能进一步提升论文的质量。在书写论文时，很多时候需要绘制柱状图，然而不同的柱状图如果采用颜色区分，当论文打印以后，视觉效果大打折扣，甚至无法区分。在遇到这个问题时，我通过网站论坛搜索，终于找到了在matlab中绘制柱状图，并采用不同的图案进行表示。主要利用下面的代码。
代码出自：http://www.aos.wisc.edu/~dvimont/matlab/Graphics_Tools/applyhatch.html
function applyhatch(h,patterns,colorlist)
%APPLYHATCH Apply hatched patterns to a figure
% APPLYHATCH(H,PATTERNS) creates a new figure from the figure H by
% replacing distinct colors in H with the black and white
% patterns in PATTERNS. The format for PATTERNS can be
% a string of the characters ‘/’, ‘\’, ‘|’, ‘-‘, ‘+’, ‘x’, ‘.’
% a cell array of matrices of zeros (white) and ones (black)
%
% APPLYHATCH(H,PATTERNS,COLORS) maps the colors in the n by 3
% matrix COLORS to PATTERNS. Each row of COLORS specifies an RGB
% color value.
%
% Note this function makes a bitmap image of H and so is limited
% to low-resolution, bitmap output.
%
% Example 1:
% bar(rand(3,4));
% applyhatch(gcf,’\-x.’);
%
% Example 2:
% colormap(cool(6));
% pie(rand(6,1));
% legend(‘Jan’,’Feb’,’Mar’,’Apr’,’May’,’Jun’);
% applyhatch(gcf,’|-+.\/’,cool(6));
%
% See also: MAKEHATCH
% By Ben Hinkle, bhinkle@mathworks.com
% This code is in the public domain.
oldppmode = get(h,’paperpositionmode’);
oldunits = get(h,’units’);
set(h,’paperpositionmode’,’auto’);
set(h,’units’,’pixels’);
figsize = get(h,’position’);
if nargin == 2
colorlist = [];
end
bits = hardcopy(h,’-dzbuffer’,’-r0′);
set(h,’paperpositionmode’,oldppmode);
bwidth = size(bits,2);
bheight = size(bits,1);
bsize = bwidth * bheight;
if ~isempty(colorlist)
colorlist = uint8(255*colorlist);
[colors,colori] = nextnonbw(0,colorlist,bits);
else
colors = (bits(:,:,1) ~= bits(:,:,2)) | …
(bits(:,:,1) ~= bits(:,:,3));
end
pati = 1;
colorind = find(colors);
while ~isempty(colorind)
colorval(1) = bits(colorind(1));
colorval(2) = bits(colorind(1)+bsize);
colorval(3) = bits(colorind(1)+2*bsize);
if iscell(patterns)
pattern = patterns{pati};
elseif isa(patterns,’char’)
pattern = makehatch(patterns(pati));
else
pattern = patterns;
end
pattern = uint8(255*(1-pattern));
pheight = size(pattern,2);
pwidth = size(pattern,1);
ratioh = ceil(bheight/pheight);
ratiow = ceil(bwidth/pwidth);
bigpattern = repmat(pattern,[ratioh ratiow]);
if ratioh*pheight > bheight
bigpattern(bheight+1:end,:) = [];
end
if ratiow*pwidth > bwidth
bigpattern(:,bwidth+1:end) = [];
end
bigpattern = repmat(bigpattern,[1 1 3]);
color = (bits(:,:,1) == colorval(1)) & …
(bits(:,:,2) == colorval(2)) & …
(bits(:,:,3) == colorval(3));
color = repmat(color,[1 1 3]);
bits(color) = bigpattern(color);
if ~isempty(colorlist)
[colors,colori] = nextnonbw(colori,colorlist,bits);
else
colors = (bits(:,:,1) ~= bits(:,:,2)) | …
(bits(:,:,1) ~= bits(:,:,3));
end
colorind = find(colors);
pati = (pati + 1);
if pati > length(patterns)
pati = 1;
end
end
newfig = figure(‘units’,’pixels’,’visible’,’off’);
imaxes = axes(‘parent’,newfig,’units’,’pixels’);
im = image(bits,’parent’,imaxes);
fpos = get(newfig,’position’);
set(newfig,’position’,[fpos(1:2) figsize(3) figsize(4)+1]);
set(imaxes,’position’,[0 0 figsize(3) figsize(4)+1],’visible’,’off’);
set(newfig,’visible’,’on’);
function [colors,out] = nextnonbw(ind,colorlist,bits)
out = ind+1;
colors = [];
while out <= size(colorlist,1)
if isequal(colorlist(out,:),[255 255 255]) | …
isequal(colorlist(out,:),[0 0 0])
out = out+1;
else
colors = (colorlist(out,1) == bits(:,:,1)) & …
(colorlist(out,2) == bits(:,:,2)) & …
(colorlist(out,3) == bits(:,:,3));
return
end
end
而applyhatch函数需要调用下面的函数
function A = makehatch(hatch)
%MAKEHATCH Predefined hatch patterns
% MAKEHATCH(HATCH) returns a matrix with the hatch pattern for HATCH
% according to the following table:
% HATCH pattern
% ——- ———
% / right-slanted lines
% \ left-slanted lines
% | vertical lines
% – horizontal lines
% + crossing vertical and horizontal lines
% x criss-crossing lines
% . single dots
%
% See also: APPLYHATCH
% By Ben Hinkle, bhinkle@mathworks.com
% This code is in the public domain.
n = 6;
A=zeros(n);
switch (hatch)
case ‘/’
A = fliplr(eye(n));
case ‘\’
A = eye(n);
case ‘|’
A(:,1) = 1;
case ‘-‘
A(1,:) = 1;
case ‘+’
A(:,1) = 1;
A(1,:) = 1;
case ‘x’
A = eye(n) | fliplr(diag(ones(n-1,1),-1));
case ‘.’
A(1:2,1:2)=1;
otherwise
error([‘Undefined hatch pattern “‘ hatch ‘”.’]);
end
效果如下图所示
example:
data = [96.3,92.6,71.2;95.7,93.6,83.9;96.8,94.3,78.3;95.8,92.7,80.3]
bar(data,1)
axis([0 6 0.0 100])
legend(‘方法’,’exited’,’Square’)
set(gca,’XTickLabel’,{‘Img1′,’Img2′,’Img3′,’Img4’})
applyhatch(gcf,’\.x.’)
如果要只显示两个柱图:
程序如下更改：
data = [0.63694,0.68476;0,0;]
bar(data,1)
legend(‘WE\_DBA’,’Proposed Scheme”)
set(gca,’XTickLabel’,{‘WE_DBA’,’Proposed Scheme’})
applyhatch(gcf,’\.x.’)
上述的函数文件在程序中直接使用即可