新型冠状病毒爆发之际,口罩又一次脱销了。朋友圈里甚至出现了新型代购:口罩代购。小小的口罩,你真的了解么?有哪些口罩种类?它们的区别在哪?哪种口罩阻挡病毒传播的效果最好?我们一定要购买N95口罩么?N95的呼气阀会减少保护作用么?这篇文章总结了关于口罩的十一个问答,希望可以在这个病毒肆虐的季节,为大家一扫关于口罩的疑惑。1戴口罩真的有用吗?答案是毋庸置疑的:有用。无论是从流行病学角度还是从临床研究的立场,已经有很多证据证明,正确佩戴口罩能够有效防止病毒的传播。第一个临床研究是2008年发表在《国际传染病杂志》 (International Journal of Infectious Diseases)上。这项研究得出的结论是,在使用正确的情况下,口罩可以有效预防病毒的扩散 [1]。家里有患流感的儿童,如果能正确使用口罩,家人被诊断出感染病毒的可能性降低了80%,并且在这个研究中,不同口罩之间的差异很小。发表在《内科学年鉴》 (the Annals of Internal Medicine)上的另一项研究报道了相似的结果。研究人员调查了400名流感患者。他们发现,这些患者的家人如果经常洗手并佩戴外科口罩,患流感的风险降低了70% [2]。还有其他的一些研究发现,即使在家之外的其他大环境里,良好的卫生习惯以及佩戴口罩也有助于降低感染传染病的概率。一项研究对居住在大学宿舍的1,000多名学生进行了一个随机试验。研究人员将学生分为如下几组:戴口罩组、戴口罩的并注意经常洗手组、以及不戴口罩组。结果表明,那些戴口罩并经常洗手的人患类似流感疾病的风险降低了75% [3],同时这篇研究也发现单独使用口罩,却不经常洗手,并不会降低风险。所以说佩戴口罩和经常洗手要同时进行,二者缺一不可。2如何正确佩戴口罩
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